Circular loom



Aug. 8, 1939. BAUMGARTEN 2,163,385

CIRCULAR LOOM Filed March19, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 IMRE BAUMG XI 2 $E N ATTORNEYS g- 1939- i. BAUMGARTEN CIRCULAR LOOM' 4 Sheet-Sheet 2 Filed marcn'ls, 1957 INVENTOR IMRE'BAUMGARTEN Aug. 8, 1939. 1. BAUMGARTEN CIRCULAR LOOM 4 Sheets-Sheet 4,

Filed March 19, 1957 INVENTOR. GA RTE N ATTORNEYS '5 as to follow a circular path, inwhich loom the Fig; 9 is avertical -section,'an'd partlya side it e. 10' -in case'it is employed for the manufacture of further showing the means for producing the cyl pendicular to the plane of the radial weft threads in greater detail below of. the circular loom 'ac- 1 5 ng the invention is fitted is-arrangedon whichthere are flxed'bymeans of 80 threads as .well the exhaustion of the former are fixed on the apex-of the hat form "(which 80 50 quently incorporated in the-web:

68 ment of the shuttle and its path;

Patent-ed A g- 1 2,168,385

UNITED STATES; PATENT Ol-Fli-IE,

r 'aieasss I unre burnt:

Application March 19. 1931., Serial No. 131,198

- I InHungaryMarch 24,1938 a I '3 Claims. (01. lea-1s) This invention relates to an improved circular Fig. 8-is a plan view of a device provided on the loom operating with warp threads carried by ,shuttle by means of which the-desireddensity ofhealds arranged in a circle and with a weft the weft threads introducedin a spiral or helical thread introduced by means of a shuttle moved so form can be obtained; and

shuttle consists of a weft, bobbinmounted on a elevation-drawn to a larger scale, of a hat weft carriage driven by an electric motor. the in its diflerent positions during the production of weft carriage rotating along a circular weft a woven hat showing also the-various formations path. In the machine according to the invention of the shed in the various phases of the work and hats, hose or other fabrics of cylindrical shapelindrical part of the hat and the actuating mechthe weft threads arranged along radial lines start anlsm for the hat form, a j Q from a centre, a circular shed being produced by, According to the embodiment illustrated in the movement of the healds, in a direction per- Figs. 1 and '2 operative parts to be described ofthe healds. -In accordance herewith the circucording to the invention are arranged onva frame lar path of the shuttle preferably is formed ,by acomposed of timber'boards l arranged in cro s circular comb, between the teeth of which the formation at the top and bottom of timber posts warpthreads canbe moved unhindered. The cir- 2. Within this frame the annular table board I with devices which-apart from theindispensable annular a'ngle l h m v 'r' stoppage caused by the change of weft bobbins square cross-sectim'arrang il 1 fil'cle eand by the operation of increasing the number side each other. The upper ends of wh 4 M rp hrefldsror by the breaking of threads are connected by a hoop 6, Bythis arrangement. or thelikemake it possible that the weft thread ,a cylinder surface is formed or which the bars 4 25- I should be introduced continuously and in a proper are the 'generatrices. The radially arranged warp ma er, that the warp shouldbe moved andthreads 'l'areguided through the gapsibetween stretched in a suitablemanner, vand that'the the individual bars 4. The inte'rnalends of the breaking of the weft thread and oi the warp w'arp threads I used when beginning the work should be indicated in a reliable manner at the latter is adjustable inth vertical dlmflqn by moment when any such disturbance of operation means of .a' screw-spin e m takes place- 1 I frotatablelbearings'l. 'lhewarpthreads wh 'O ac o panyi drawings. a few embodi-' drawn through'the usual hen-1d cm H cf-the as ments of the invention, shown by way of example, heald cords M'carri by the semi-circula heeld g a e l r tedin a diasrammeucal manner. "frames Is and "are wound on drum 1 rr n Fig. Us a side-elevation partly in'verticai secin a circle. the said beingloaded by w i i nof a so oirclflar l o perating with I: so as to keep the warp threads in a suitably healds arranged along a cylindrical surface. tostretched condition. 1 o gether with aside elevation-of the mechanism for The he'alds composed of heald cords It and 40 actuating the healds; a semi-circular-healdframes I5 and I, areiver- 8- 1. lim View: a 'tically suspended-on cords ll which 'i 0V9! on Fig. 3 the deviceintroducing the weft thread puileysil. The cords it are coimected to doub i 18811511131 D thand' the. arrangement of the arm levers ll pivotally supported on the frame, warp threads are shown drawn to a larger e; the said levers beingconnected billions of cords 4 Fig.4 is a plan view of apart of the or the like with further levers II of the h path and of the arrangementof the warp threads; operating mechanism showndiagrammatically. Fig.5 illustrates adetail of the mechanism emon the drawings; ployed for carrying warp threads-tube subse- It ishowever' ble tobringthe circular 1 f 1 according to the invention into connection: with Fig. 6 is .a front elevation of a modified 'ara Jacquard machine whereby it becomes boeflble rangement ofthe shuttle; forthe shedding of the number of warp threads Pig. 7 is a front elevation and partly'avertical to be-eiiected automatically.- In this case-allthe section ofanother modified form of the arrangewarp threads which are to be used in the weavin i into the fabric,v grouped in. 66

the desired order of sequence; notably in such a manner that the warp threads are grouped so as to correspond, for instance, to two semi-circles or to four quarters of a circle, and a Jacquard machine is provided for each group, the said Jacquard machines operating independently of each other but possessing a joint driving gear. As in these individual Jacquard machines each warp thread may have its own hook and the number of cards which can be employed is unlimited, the

card chain being easily exchangeable, this cooperation of the circular loom with the Jacquard machine creates the possibility ofweaving any kind of patterns no matter how complicated.

On each bar 4 a Z-shaped piece 2| is fixed at a suitable height; These Z-shaped pieces together form the annular track of travel of the shuttle carrying the weft bobbin 22 and driven by the electric motor 23, the said shuttle being accord-- ing to the embodiment shown on the Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6 suspended on two wheels 24, which roll along the annular track formed by the Z-shaped pieces 2|. Driving of the shuttle is effected .by the motor by means of the worm 25, the worm-wheel 26, the driving cord 21 and the cord pulley 28.

motor casing is suppbrted on the bars I and keeps the shuttle in the proper position during the circular movement of the latter. The feeding of the electric motor 23 is effected by means of a sliding contact 3| and by means of the conductor wires 30 insulated from the bars I.

The shuttle including the electric motor 23, the weft bobbin 22, the running wheels 24, the supporting wheels 28 and the trolley contacts 3| should be dimensioned and arranged in such a manner as to ensure that the entire profile of the shuttle assemblage can freely pass through the shed even at the time when the weaving of a hat, reaches its termination. This phase of work is illustrated in Fig. 3 by the warp thread position 1'.

7 according to the invention is effected in the following manner:

The warpthreads I wound on the drums l3 arranged in a circle are carried over the guide ing this each warp thread is drawn through individually in a radial direction towards the middle, between two bars 4. The ends of about 16 to 32 warp threads are fixed on the apex of the hat form ll arranged on the. screw spindle 3. Following this, the apex is brought by rotation of the screw-spindle 3 into the plane of the fabric or web indicated by the line 1:. For weaving a-hat of normal dimensions, about 400 to 600 warp threads are required. The warp threads tobe used when beginning the operation of weaving are selected among this large number of warp threads in such a manner that they should formanangle of- I degrees with-each other, in which formula 2: is

warp threads which are not broughtintouse at the are suspended, assembled in amps-on pulleys 34 which are mounted so as to be rotatable on a frame 33. arrangedabove the loom frame.- with the progress of weaving a suitable number of warp threads are inserted between the-initial warp threads by being ing- The freely rotatable wheel 29 arranged below the The weaving of a hat on the .circular loom f rollers 32 also arranged in-a circle, and followthreads required have been The weft thread introduced in a spiral line is the number-oi initial warp threads, and will preferably vary between 16gand 32.- The restof the As the-process of weaving is tened into the already 'in order to obtain the completed fabric or web I desired density of warp threads when increasing the diameter of the fablie or web. The weft thread is introduced into the shed in a spiral line by'means of the shuttle by the usual raising and and cords ll forming the healds. If it is desired to form a new shed by means of the warp threads 11 and 12 shown on the right-hand side of Fig. 1,

the heald frame l belonging to the .warp thread its lower position, is

1", which heald frame is in raised, whereas the heald frame It, belonging to the warp thread 12 and situated in its upper po-' sition is lowered. By these means, all the warp threads situated in a semi-circle are raised or lowered, as the heald cords l4 belonging to them are connected to the semi-circular heald frames. The actuation of each pair of semi-circular heald frames is preferably always eifected at the moment when the shuttle has left the shed formed by the heald frames in question and has entered the new shed formed by the other pair of semicircular heald frames. If it is desired to produce a pattem-fabric, it is necessary to make provision for operating the healds separately or in smaller groups of warp threads in a known manner, and which are operated by suitable heald-raising mechanism preferably by machines constructed according tothe Jacquard system. After about to layers or turns of weft have been introduced into the fabric in a spiral A line from the weft bobbin by means of the shuttle. running in its circular: path, the numl er of warp threads is increased. This is brought about by the person operating the circular-looms who stands and walks about on the platform 35 removing such a number of warp' threads from the pulleys 34 supported on the frame 33 and suspending them by passing the same into the eyes H of the heddles and fixing them to the hat form so as todouble the number'of warp threads.

Thus a new warp thread is placed between each two adjacent original warp threads. Such increase of the number of wrap threads is repeated as often as is requisite until all not the warp inserted.

pushed on to the fabric being formed by the warp threads 'as they are tensioned after mutually crossing for the formation of a new shed;

If it is desired to produce a kind of fabric in which the rows of the weft thread are situated closely adjacent to each other, a device is em ployed by which the weft thread is applied re-..

siliently rlc.

An embodiment of or with a definite pressure to the fab such a device shown by way ofexampleis illustrated mm. 8. Each of the free ends of the two plate springs 36 fixed on the motor casing is connected in an articulate manner at 36' with anarm 31, virtuallyvforming a sort of toggl In the common jointof these arms 31 a guide or weft laying device-or shuttle 38 is pivotally supported. The weft thread is led to this shuttle and leaves the latter through a suitable orifice while being properly applied to thefabric by the'action of the plate springs 3.:

p in the radial directi on a'nd'the weft thread is describing aspiral line, the guidelllikewisehastomove alonga spiralline,i.-e. alonga curve ofjincreasing radius of curvature. This is rendered possible by the points of articulation 36' of. the plate springs 36 being capable of movement apart from each other. In Fig. 8 W0 positions of the shuttle or weft laying dev ce 38 are illustrated,

The embodiment according to Fig. 6 differs from the one described. above only in that the shuttle carrying the weft bobbin and driven by the electric motor 23 travels in a circle on the an-,

nuiar path formed by the Z-snaped parts 2| fixed on. the external side of the bars 39 arranged in acircle. 'This arrangement makes it necessary that no obstacle should exist-in the plane of the fabricor web ,by whlch the introduction of the weft thread 40 would be hindered. The bars 39 are accordingly terminated above this plane and the bars 4| forming the continuation of the bars 39 are fixed on the table board 3 in such a manner that a suitable horizontal annular gap will be formed between the ends of the bars 39 and those of the bars 4|.

According to the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 7, the shuttle carrying the weft bobbin 22 and driven by the electric motor 42 runs by means .of the wheels 43 on two annular rails 44 which are shaped, by means of radially disposed recesses, in the form of combs, so that the radially arranged warp threads 1 can,'for the purpose of the formation of a shed, enter below the shuttle into thecut-in recesses of the annular rails. The number of recesses corresponds to that of the warp threads to be employed.

In Fig. 9 there is provided an annular pathformed by shaped pieces 46 arranged, in a circle so as to maintain suitable gaps for the warp threads Ito be drawn through and fixed on the table board 3 as well. as on the upper ring 45, from which circular path the shuttle driven by an electric motor (not shown) should be able to roll onthe wheels 41, while being supported by the wheels 48 and 49 arranged so as to suit theshape of the annular path.

The adjustment in' the vertical direction, re quired in the various phases of operation, of the hat form, 1. e. of the cylindrical central part ill and of the lower part 5|, having the shape of 9.

truncated cone, which latter supports that part of the fabric which will .yield the border of the hat, is effected by means of the screw-spindle 9 operated by the pair of bevel gears 52, and by means of vertically displaceable rods 53, by means of which it' is possible to raise and lower the bottom part 5|. 7

When beginning the operation of weaving the cylindrical middle part 50 of the hat form is situated in the lowest position drawn infull lines,

' and while the portion of fabric theradius of which is represented by the distance 0-1: is

being produced, the central part is preferably raised to an extent corresponding to the difference in height between the two points 0 and a. Following this, that part of the fabric is produced which covers the rounded position of the hat form .graduallyraisedtoanextentcorrespondingtothe extent of the progress of the'weaving operation. Thisrelatestothedistance b-d,onwhich the weft thread introduced forms a continuous helical line. During this process of weaving the hose-shaped portion of the fabric is properly held on the cylindrical part of the hat form, this being due exactly to the arrangement of the fixed is preferably gradually raised to an extent corresponding to the difference in height between the points d and e; e

The shed formation formed in the various phases of work of the manufacture of hats are illustrated in Fig. 9 for the sake of greater clearness by lines traced in a different manner. I In the embodiments described above, the annular path oftravel for the shuttle is of comb for.

mation, to enable the radially arranged warp threads to be moved, for the purpose of forming sheds from the plane of the fabric to above and below the shuttle.

I claim: 1

1. In a circular loom for weaving hats and similar structures, wherein an electrically driven shuttle carriage is adapted to travel in an annular path within a warp shed, a pair of leaf springs connected to said shuttle carriage and projecting inwardly into the area. bounded by said annular path, a pair of arms articulated at their outer ends to the inner ends of said springs, and a weft shuttle articulated to the inner ends of said arms, said springs tending to close toward each other and bring together the outer .ends of the arms articulated thereto and thereby resiliently extendthe weft shuttle radially inward so as to press the same continuously inwardly against the fabric as it is being woven. I

2. In acircular loom according to claim 1, having a form piece located axially of the loom and adapted for the initial attachment of the warp threads and capable of vertical adjustment during the weaving operation, the feature comprising a fixed ring located'in the vertical path of said form piece in a position which disposes the lower edge of said ring immediately above and closely adjacent the opening of the shed upon said form piece and the line along which the weft shuttle exerts its pressure upon the fabric during the weaving.

3. In a circular loom for weaving hats and similar structures, wherein an electrically driven shuttle carriage is adapted to travel in an-annular' path within a warp shed, means determining the path of said shuttle carriage comprising a plurality of spaced bars arranged about said area, and a fixed member upon each of said bars having a profile serving as a rail so that all of the fixed members upon all of said bars together form guiding rail means upon which rollers of the shuttle carriage may travel in a predetermined accurate path, there being a radially movable weft shuttle and means mounted upon the shuttle carriage for supporting and resiliently pressing said weft shuttle radially inward against the fabric as it is woven including a plurality of opposed members articulated ,together at their inner ends and attached to-said shuttle at their outer ends.

DIREBAUKGARTEM. 

